Ethical Hacking Test

You are a cybersecurity officer and a new third-party payment gateway is integrated into your company's e-commerce website. The payment gateway API is hosted on a different domain (pay-gateway.com) than your e-commerce site (my-ecommerce.com). You receive some reports that users are unable to complete their transactions intermittently. 

You obtain the following set of HTTP cookies from an affected user:

1. user_session=1; Domain=my-ecommerce.com; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly
2. payment_session=xyz123; Domain=pay-gateway.com; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly
3. cart_id=abcd1234; Domain=my-ecommerce.com; Path=/; Secure
4. csrf_token=efgh5678; Domain=my-ecommerce.com; Path=/; Secure
5. currency=USD; Domain=my-ecommerce.com; Path=/;
6. same_site_test=1; Domain=my-ecommerce.com; Path=/; Secure; SameSite=None
7. payment_verification=; Domain=my-ecommerce.com; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly

Which of the following configuration modifications would likely solve the intermittent transaction failure issue?

A: Set SameSite=Strict attribute on all cookies.
B: Set "SameSite=None; Secure" attribute on the payment_session cookie.
C: Change the Domain attribute of payment_session cookie to my-ecommerce.com.
D: Set HttpOnly attribute on cart_id and csrf_token cookies.
E: Remove Secure attribute from user_session cookie.

You are the security analyst for a company and are currently investigating a security incident. You found the following log entries in your HTTP server logs, which appear to be linked to the incident:

1. 192.0.2.4 - - [24/May/2023:13:15:30 +0000] "GET /wp-login.php HTTP/1.1" 200 167 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0; yie8)"
2. 192.0.2.4 - - [24/May/2023:13:15:31 +0000] "POST /wp-login.php HTTP/1.1" 302 152 "http://www.example.com/wp-login.php" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0; yie8)"
3. 192.0.2.4 - - [24/May/2023:13:15:32 +0000] "GET /wp-admin/install.php HTTP/1.1" 200 125 "http://www.example.com/wp-admin/" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0; yie8)"

Based on this information, which of the following statements are correct?

A: The attacker was unable to compromise the Wordpress login page but was successful in accessing the installation page.
B: The attacker attempted to login to a Wordpress site and, despite the login failing, was able to access the Wordpress installation page.
C: The attacker was attempting a dictionary attack on the Wordpress site and accessed the Wordpress installation page.
D: The logs indicate that the attacker was able to compromise the Wordpress login and directly access the installation page.
E: The attacker attempted to login to a Wordpress site, succeeded, and then tried to access the Wordpress installation page.

You are a cybersecurity engineer working on a network traffic analysis case. You have been given the following set of observations from network logs of the past 24 hours:

- Observation 1: 1,000,000 DNS requests were recorded, 50% more than the usual daily traffic.
- Observation 2: 85% of these DNS requests have the same subdomain but different domain names.
- Observation 3: For each of these DNS requests, an HTTP POST request follows immediately.
- Observation 4: No other significant anomalies were detected in the system logs.

Given these observations, what would you suspect is happening?

A: The network is experiencing a DNS amplification attack
B: There is a misconfiguration in the DNS settings
C: The system is the source of a SYN flood attack
D: A fast-flux DNS network is in operation
E: The system is infected with a DNS tunneling based malware

You are investigating a possible SQL injection attack on your company's web application. You found the following entries in the HTTP server logs:

Note that each log line contains the following information:

IP Address - Timestamp - Request URI - Request Status - Response Size

Based on the log entries, which of the following statements are correct?

A: The attacker logged in successfully but failed to execute the SQL injection.
B: The attacker failed in the SQL injection attack.
C: The attacker failed to login but successfully accessed the admin page.
D: The attacker performed a successful SQL injection attack that dumped all product information.
E: The attacker was unsuccessful in both the SQL injection attack and the login attempt.

A software company decided to move some of their web services from one cloud provider (Vendor A) to another (Vendor B) for better cost optimization. Initially, their main web application "webapp.company.com" was hosted at IP 192.0.2.1 on Vendor A's infrastructure. As part of this transition, it was moved to IP 203.0.113.1 on Vendor B's setup. Subsequently, a secondary web service previously hosted on "serviceA.company.com" at IP 192.0.2.2 (Vendor A), was migrated and re-hosted at "serviceB.company.com" at IP 203.0.113.2 (Vendor B).

A month post-migration, the SEO team reported an unexpected spike in organic traffic to the "company.com" domain. Upon investigating, the IT team noticed unusual activity related to "serviceA.company.com" in the server access logs, including successful HTTP 200 responses from several requests. A suspicious HTTPS GET request, `GET /explicit-content.html HTTP/1.1`, was also recorded.

Running `dig +short serviceA.company.com` returned IP address 198.51.100.1. Cross-checking this information with the company's DNS records revealed:

Based on the details provided, identify the probable cause for the unexpected increase in organic traffic:

A: The company failed to delete the DNS "A" record for "serviceB.company.com" before migration on vendor A.
B: The company failed to delete the DNS "A" record for "serviceA.company.com" after migration.
C: The company did not configure DNS record for webapp.company.com properly on Vendor B's platform.
D: The DNS configuration for serviceB.company.com is incorrect post migration

Refer to the following exhibit:

Host A is sending a packet to Host B. 

1. What is the source and destination MAC address at point PA?
2. What is the source and destination IP address at point PB?

// Option A
PA: source MAC - Mac-A
PA: destination MAC - Mac-B
PB: source IP - 192.168.1.1
PB: destination IP - 192.168.3.1

// Option B
PA: source MAC - Mac-A
PA: destination MAC - Mac-RA
PB: source IP - 192.168.3.3
PB: destination IP - 192.168.3.1

// Option C
PA: source MAC - Mac-A
PA: destination MAC - Mac-B
PB: source IP - 192.168.3.3
PB: destination IP - 192.168.3.1

// Option D
PA: source MAC - Mac-A
PA: destination MAC - Mac-RA
PB: source IP - 192.168.1.1
PB: destination IP - 192.168.3.1

You work as a network administrator for a company, "example.com", that recently started experiencing issues with email spoofing. To mitigate the problem, you decide to implement DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance) in addition to existing SPF (Sender Policy Framework) and DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) records.

Your current DNS records for example.com include the following:

- MX 10 mail.example.com (IP address 203.0.113.10)
- TXT "v=spf1 ip4:203.0.113.10 -all"
- TXT "v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=public-key-here"

You add the following DMARC record:

- TXT "_dmarc.example.com" "v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; pct=100; rua=mailto:report@example.com"

After implementing the DMARC record, an external mail server sends an email to your domain. The email passes the SPF and DKIM checks but fails the DMARC check.

What will likely happen to the email?

A: The email will be accepted and delivered to the recipient's inbox.
B: The email will be rejected and returned to the sender as undeliverable.
C: The email might be delivered to the recipient's spam or junk folder.
D: The email will be accepted, but a report will be sent to the sender.
E: The email will be silently discarded, and the sender will not be notified.

Review the following exhibit:

Angelina noticed that the computers on 192.168.10.0/24 network can ping their default gateway. But they found that these computers cannot connect to any remote network resources. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this?

You are a network administrator for an e-commerce company. The company's online store allows customers to browse products and make purchases securely over the internet. The online store uses SSL/TLS for secure communication. You receive reports that some customers are seeing a security warning in their web browsers when trying to access the online store. Upon investigation, you discover the following information:

- The SSL certificate used by the online store's web server is valid for one year and is due to expire in two days.
- The web server is configured to automatically redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS.
- The SSL certificate was issued by a trusted certificate authority (CA), and all major web browsers have the CA's root certificate in their trusted certificate stores.
- The SSL certificate includes the correct domain name for the online store.

Given the above information, which of the following steps should be taken to resolve the issue and prevent customers from seeing the security warning?

A: Extend the validity of the current SSL certificate by one year.
B: Obtain a new SSL certificate from the same CA and install it on the web server before the current certificate expires.
C: Remove the automatic redirect from HTTP to HTTPS on the web server.
D: Ask customers to ignore the security warning and proceed to the online store.
E: Replace the SSL certificate with a self-signed certificate.