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Networking Interview Questions
  1. What is a Link?
  2. What is a Node?
  3. What is a point to point link?
  4. What is a subnet mask?
  5. What is data encapsulation?
  6. What is a VPN?
  7. What is the importance of the OSI Physical Layer?
  8. What is a private IP address?
  9. What is DoS?
  10. What is NOS?
  11. Why do cables have twisted pairs?
  12. What are the advantages of Distributed Processing?
  13. What is the TCP/IP Model?
  14. What is HTTP?
  15. What is a Firewall?
  16. What is DNS?
  17. What is SLIP protocol?
  18. What is a gateway?
  19. What is a DNS forwarder?
  20. What is POP3?
  21. What is public IP address?
  22. What is anonymous FTP?
  23. What is RIP in the context of networking?
  24. Explain the ping command.
  25. What is multiplexing in networking?
  26. Explain LAN (Local Area Network)
  27. What is the OSI Reference Model?
  28. What is the SMTP protocol?
  29. What is the ARP protocol?
  30. What is a MAC address?
  31. What is the main disadvantage of a peer to peer network?
  32. What is a Hybrid Network?
  33. How can you manage a network using a router?
  34. What is the use of a default gateway?
  35. What is ICMP?
  36. What is the main advantages of using fiber optics?
  37. What is ipconfig?
  38. What is clustering support?
  39. What is SMTP?
  40. What is authentication?
  41. What is tunnel mode?
  42. What is the RSA algorithm?
  43. What is NVT?
  44. Explain Multi-homed Host.
  45. What is a Hamming code?
  46. What is a modem?


Interview Questions

Networking Interview Questions and Answers (2023)

In this post, we put together the top Networking interview questions and answers for beginner, intermediate and experienced candidates. These most important questions are categorized for quick browsing before the interview or to act as a detailed guide on different topics in Networking interviewers look for.

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Networking Interview Questions

What is a Link?

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In a telecommunications network, a link is a communication channel that connects two or more devices for the purpose of data transmission.

What is a Node?

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A network node is a connection point in a communications network. Each node is an endpoint for data transmissions or redistribution. Nodes have either a programmed or engineered capability to recognize, process and forward transmissions to other network nodes.

What is a point to point link?

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A point-to-point link-based system provides dedicated links between two devices. For example, a wired system that connects two computers together can be thought of as a point-to-point link.

What is a subnet mask?

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A subnet mask is a 32-bit number created by setting host bits to all 0s and setting network bits to all 1s. In this way, the subnet mask separates the IP address into the network and host addresses.

What is data encapsulation?

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Encapsulation is the process of adding additional information when data is traveling in OSI or TCP/IP model. The additional information has been added on sender's side, starting from Application layer to Physical layer.

What is a VPN?

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VPN stands for "Virtual Private Network" and describes the opportunity to establish a protected network connection when using public networks. VPNs encrypt your internet traffic and disguise your online identity.

What is the importance of the OSI Physical Layer?

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The physical layer sometimes plays an important role in the effective sharing of available communication resources, and helps avoid contention among multiple users. It also handles the transmission rate to improve the flow of data between a sender and receiver.

What is a private IP address?

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A private IP address is the address your network router assigns to your device. Each device within the same network is assigned a unique private IP address (sometimes called a private network address) — this is how devices on the same internal network talk to each other.

What is DoS?

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A Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack is an attack meant to shut down a machine or network, making it inaccessible to its intended users. DoS attacks accomplish this by flooding the target with traffic, or sending it information that triggers a crash. In both instances, the DoS attack deprives legitimate users (i.e. employees, members, or account holders) of the service or resource they expected.

What is NOS?

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A network operating system (NOS) is an operating system that manages network resources: essentially, an operating system that includes special functions for connecting computers and devices into a local area network (LAN).

Why do cables have twisted pairs?

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Twisted-pair cable is a type of cabling that is used for telephone communications and most modern Ethernet networks. A pair of wires forms a circuit that can transmit data. The pairs are twisted to provide protection against crosstalk, the noise generated by adjacent pairs.

What are the advantages of Distributed Processing?

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The advantages of Distributed Processing are as follows:

  • Security/Encapsulation
  • Distributed database
  • Faster Problem solving
  • Security through redundancy
  • Collaborative Processing

What is the TCP/IP Model?

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TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP/IP is also used as a communications protocol in a private computer network (an intranet or extranet).

What is HTTP?

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The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the foundation of the World Wide Web, and is used to load web pages using hypertext links. HTTP is an application layer protocol designed to transfer information between networked devices and runs on top of other layers of the network protocol stack.

What is a Firewall?

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A firewall is a network security system that is used to monitor the incoming and outgoing traffic and blocks the same based on the firewall security policies. It acts as a wall between the internet (public network) and the networking devices (private network). It can be a hardware device, software program, or a combination which adds a layer of security to the network.

What is DNS?

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Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system built on a distributed database for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network.

What is SLIP protocol?

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Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) is the protocol which TCP/IP uses when operating through a serial connection.

What is a gateway?

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Gateways provide connectivity between two or more network segments. It is usually a computer that runs the gateway software and provides translation services. This translation is critical in allowing different systems to communicate on the network.

What is a DNS forwarder?

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In Domain Name System (DNS) terms, a DNS forwarder is a DNS server that is used to forward DNS queries for external DNS names to DNS servers outside that network. It does it to DNS queries that it cannot resolve locally, meaning DNS queries that it has no personal knowledge of.

What is POP3?

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Post Office Protocol 3, or POP3, is the most commonly used protocol for receiving email over the internet. This standard protocol, which most email servers and their clients support, is used to receive emails from a remote server and send to a local client.

What is public IP address?

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A public IP address is an IP address that can be accessed directly over the internet and is assigned to your network router by your internet service provider (ISP). Your personal device also has a private IP that remains hidden when you connect to the internet through your router's public IP.

What is anonymous FTP?

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Anonymous File Transfer Protocol (FTP) enables remote users to use the FTP server without an assigned user ID and password. Anonymous FTP enables unprotected access (no password required) to selected information about a remote system. The remote site determines what information is made available for general access.

What is RIP in the context of networking?

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Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance vector protocol that uses hop count as its primary metric. RIP defines how routers should share information when moving traffic among an interconnected group of local area networks (LANs).

Explain the ping command.

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Ping is a command-line utility, available on virtually any operating system with network connectivity, that acts as a test to see if a networked device is reachable. The ping command sends a request over the network to a specific device.

What is multiplexing in networking?

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Multiplexing is a method used by networks to consolidate multiple signals- digital or analog, into a single composite signal that is transported over a common medium, such as a fiber optic cable or radio wave.

Explain LAN (Local Area Network)

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LAN stands for local area network. A network is a group of two or more connected computers, and a LAN is a network contained within a small geographic area, usually within the same building.

What is the OSI Reference Model?

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The OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection Model) is a conceptual framework used to describe the functions of a networking system. The OSI model characterizes computing functions into a universal set of rules and requirements in order to support interoperability between different products and software.

What is the SMTP protocol?

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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the standard protocol for email services on a TCP/IP network. SMTP provides the ability to send and receive email messages. SMTP is an application-layer protocol that enables the transmission and delivery of email over the Internet.

What is the ARP protocol?

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The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a communication protocol used for discovering the link layer address, such as a MAC address, associated with a given internet layer address, typically an IPv4 address.

What is a MAC address?

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A Media Access Control address (MAC address) is a hardware identifier that uniquely identifies each device on a network. Primarily, the manufacturer assigns it. They are often found on a device's network interface controller (NIC) card.

What is the main disadvantage of a peer to peer network?

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Accessing resources shared by one of the workstations on the network can take a performance hit.

What is a Hybrid Network?

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A hybrid network is any computer network that uses more than one type of connecting technology or topology. For example, a home network that uses both Wi-Fi and Ethernet cables to connect computers is a hybrid.

How can you manage a network using a router?

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Routers have a built-in console that lets you configure different settings, like security and data logging. You can assign restrictions to computers, such as what resources it is allowed access or what particular time of the day, they can browse the Internet. You can even put restrictions on what websites are not viewable across the entire network.

What is the use of a default gateway?

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Default gateways provide a way for the local networks to connect to the external network. The default gateway for connecting to the external network is usually the address of the external router port.

What is ICMP?

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ICMP stands for Internet Control Message Protocol. It provides messaging and communication for protocols within the TCP/IP stack. This is also the protocol that manages error messages that are used by network tools such as PING.

What is the main advantages of using fiber optics?

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A fiber optics setup is less susceptible to electrical interference. It supports higher bandwidth and signal degrading is minimal over long distances.

What is ipconfig?

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Ipconfig is a utility program that is commonly used to identify the addresses information of a computer on a network. It can show the physical address as well as the IP address.

What is clustering support?

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Clustering support refers to the ability of a network operating system to connect multiple servers in a fault-tolerant group. The main purpose is that if one server fails, all processing will continue with the next server in the cluster.

What is SMTP?

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SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. This protocol focuses on all internal mail and provides the necessary mail delivery services on the TCP/IP protocol stack.

What is authentication?

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Authentication is the process of verifying a user’s credentials before they can log into the network. It provides a secure means of limiting access from unwanted intruders on the network.

What is tunnel mode?

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Tunnel Mode is a method of sending data over the Internet where the data is encrypted and the original IP address information is also encrypted. The Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) operates in Transport Mode or Tunnel Mode. In Tunnel Mode, ESP encrypts the data and the IP header information.

What is the RSA algorithm?

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The RSA algorithm is an asymmetric cryptography algorithm; this means that it uses a public key and a private key (i.e two different, mathematically linked keys).

What is NVT?

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NVT stands for Network Virtual Terminal. NVT is a set of pre-defined rules for very simple virtual terminal interaction. This terminal helps you start a Telnet session.

Explain Multi-homed Host.

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Multihomed describes a computer host that has multiple IP addresses to connected networks. A multihomed host is physically connected to multiple data links that can be on the same or different networks.

What is a Hamming code?

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Hamming code is used for the set of error-correction codes which may occur when the data is moved from the sender to the receiver. The hamming method corrects the error by finding the state at which the error occurred.

What is a modem?

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A modem is a device that receives an analog signal from your internet service provider (ISP) and translates it into a digital signal that your devices can understand and vice versa. This allows your devices to send and receive data over the internet.

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